Alterations of the species microbiome is the result of changes in diet, social conditions and medical treatment such as antibiotic therapy.
Reborn is trying to introduce probiotic feeding in breeding farms.
Furthermore the study of the properties of particular products (e.g. yak’s and camel’s milk) known for their beneficial effect of particular aspects of human health (eg. microbiome costitution, teeth protection and in reduction of inflammatory bowel disease) can led to their right implementation in animals and human diet.
Results of recent work on laboratory show that changes in diet lead to substantial and rapid changes in the composition of the microbiota, controlled feeding and shifts in diet, affect an animal’s microbiome and subsequent physiological function.
The transmission of infectious diseases of animals to humans changes microbiomes.
Many chemicals manufactured and used by humans, pharmaceuticals product, recreational drugs, and byproducts of industrial processes and agriculture, are deposited in soil, rivers or lakes, and oceans. These chemicals have an effect on evolution of both microbiome in human and animals.
The widespread use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the agricultural industry and in breeding animals can have a serious effect on humans and other species that become food for animals and consequently for humans.
It is now known that microbiome members confer novel metabolic capacities to their hosts. These capacities can be acquired in 2 ways: colonization by a new species or the development of novel metabolic traits by an existing member of the microbiome. Because microbes can easily exchange genetic material, the functional capacities of microbiomes (and therefore of their hosts) may not be highly constrained by the small number of evolutionary processes that affect how new traits appear in monogenetic eukaryotic organisms.
“Humans must relearn that they are tightly bonded to nature and remember that survival of the human species depends on a wide range of other life forms, whether in our forests or in our mouths.”
The gut microbiome exerts a marked influence on host physiology, and manipulation of its composition has repeatedly been shown to influence host metabolism and body composition. This virtual endocrine organ also has a role in the regulation of the plasma concentrations of tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor to serotonin, a key neurotransmitter within both the enteric and central nervous systems. Control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also appears to be under the influence of the gut microbiota.
The intestinal microbiomes of production animals is seminal of animal health, development, and productivity in breeding farm. In particular, early gut colonization is critically important to the morphological and immunological development, development of a functional fermentative environment, and neonatal resistance to pathogenic challenge. The development of probiotic and prebiotic feeds is our aim to ensuring animal welfare.